UPDATE: The map of state 100% targets has been updated since the original posting to clarify that it includes both mandatory requirements as well as goals.
One year ago this week, the California legislature passed landmark legislation committing the state’s power providers to supplying 60% of their electricity from renewable energy by 2030 and setting a target of 100% clean, or carbon-free, power by mid century. It was a bold action that significantly raised the bar for other states considering policy action.
And over the last 12 months, another six states (bringing the total to eight states) plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico have answered the call with various obligations toward 100% clean energy over the next few decades.
What’s driving this surge in state-level clean energy leadership? And which states will be the next to step up?
A banner year for state clean energy policy
State-level policies supporting renewables and other carbon-free resources are on a roll in 2019. In January, the District of Columbia committed to a renewables-only future when the mayor signed a measure passed unanimously by the city council to increase its renewable electricity standard (RES) to 100% by 2032, a target only previously matched in ambition by Hawaii, which adopted a similar measure (with a target year of 2045) in 2015.
Later in the spring, Puerto Rico also committed to a 100% renewable energy future by 2050—while ending coal use by 2028—as the strong and resilient island rebuilds from the devastation of Hurricane Maria.
And in June, Maine adopted a sweeping set of clean energy measures, including a doubling of its RES to 80% by 2030 and setting a goal of 100% renewables by 2050.
Maine Governor Janet Mills signs into law a bill increasing the state’s renewable energy standard and setting a goal of 100% renewables by 2050.
During the same period, another tranche of states took a similar path to 100% as California by broadening the policy support to other carbon-free technologies—like nuclear power and carbon-capture and storage—while also ensuring a dominant role for renewables. For example:
- In March, New Mexico adopted an 80% by 2040 RES along with requiring a 100% carbon-free power sector by 2045.
- Also in March, New York’s Governor Cuomo signed a sweeping climate and clean energy bill into law in July that includes a 70% RES by 2030 and 100% carbon-free requirement by 2040.
- In Washington state, which already gets more than 70% of its electricity from renewables (mostly large-scale hydropower), Governor Inslee signed a measure in May to make the state’s power sector coal-free by 2025 and carbon-free by 2045.
- In addition, the Nevada legislature included the goal of a 100% clean energy power supply by mid-century as part of the bill it adopted in April to double its RES to 50% by 2030.
And finally, in June, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy released a detailed draft energy master plan through the Board of Public Utilities to achieve 100% clean energy by 2050, a goal the governor put forward through an executive order in May of 2018. This plan builds on an increase in the state’s RES to 50% by 2030 that became law earlier in 2018 and is a meaningful step toward a 100% clean energy future, despite not having a legislative mandate behind it.
Eight states plus Washington DC, and Puerto Rico (not pictured here) have committed to 100% renewable or clean energy either through mandatory requirements or goals (California, Maine, and Nevada have established goals). At least 13 additional states are actively considering similar measures.
A tipping point?
A decade or more from now, when we reflect on the progress made in the urgent race to de-carbonize the US power sector, this past year will likely be viewed as a pivotal tipping point. To be sure, a lot of work remains to be done to ensure the 100% clean energy transition is achieved affordably, reliably, and equitably. And not every state is moving in the right policy direction with respect to renewable energy (see Ohio’s HB 6 as Exhibit A).
However, this is the year when the vision of a clean energy economy has come into focus with the weight of strong policies to back it up. What was once only a rallying call of progressive climate and clean energy advocates is now enshrined in statute in states across the nation.
Consider the aggregate influence these 100% clean energy states can have in moving the entire country toward a carbon-free power supply:
- More than 86 million residents, 27% of US population in 2016
- 18% of US electricity consumption in 2016
- 138 million metric tons of power sector carbon dioxide emissions in 2016, 8% of the US total
Many factors contributing to 100% momentum
Momentum has been building toward 100% clean energy for some time now, but the recent surge in state-level clean energy leadership can be attributed to several key factors. First and foremost, the 2018 election ushered in a wave of new governors and state legislators who campaigned on an aggressive clean energy agenda. At least six of the newly elected governors last year made pledges to join the US Climate Alliance, support the Paris Climate Agreement, and pursue 100% clean energy policies.
While all six of these governors were Democrats, it should also be noted that the push for 100% is not exclusively a partisan issue. That’s because a large majority of Americans—including 95% of Democrats and 71% of Republicans according to one recent poll—support the goal of 100% renewable or clean energy by 2050.
And while that strong bipartisan public support hasn’t materialized into bipartisan policy support in many cases, there is encouraging evidence that it is beginning to happen at the state level at least. For example, the 100% clean energy policies passed in Nevada, New Mexico, and Maine this year all garnered solid bipartisan support.
Of course, a primary reason that public support for renewable energy has soared is because they are cost competitive with new and existing fossil fuels, and in many places are helping to reduce consumer electricity bills. In addition, through innovative technologies and practices, utilities and grid operators are getting increasingly comfortable with the notion that the grid can reliably accommodate much higher levels of renewable energy. Low prices and increased reliability have resulted in a surge of renewable energy investments by major corporations and voluntary decarbonization commitments by many utilities, which has in turn given more confidence to political leaders in supporting aggressive policy action.
Further fueling state momentum on 100% clean energy is the urgent call to action by the world’s leading scientists in the United Nation’s climate report released last October. With the complete abdication of climate or clean energy leadership within the Trump Administration and among majority leadership in the US Senate, state leaders know their actions are critical for maintaining clean energy progress and reducing carbon emissions.
Who’s going to commit to 100% next?
The flurry of state action on 100% clean energy policies is poised to continue as a broad and diverse set of stakeholders and political leaders are pursuing legislation in at least 13 states, including Connecticut, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Massachusetts, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Wisconsin.
- Among the most promising in the near-term is Illinois, where the Clean Energy Jobs Act, a comprehensive clean energy and climate bill that requires 100% carbon-free electricity by 2030 and 100% renewable energy by 2050, has already been co-sponsored by a majority of state Senators and is supported by the governor.
- In addition, just two weeks ago, Wisconsin’s Governor Tony Evers issued an executive order creating a new Office of Sustainability and Clean Energy with the goal of working with the state’s utilities to achieve 100% clean energy by 2050.
- And in Maryland, Republican Governor Larry Hogan indicated, after in May allowing to become law an increase in the state’s RES to 50% by 2030, he plans to push for a 100% clean energy standard during the 2020 legislative session.
The urgent need to act on climate change by decarbonizing our economy is recognized now more than ever. A critical step in achieving that goal is a swift transition to 100% clean and carbon-free energy. The barriers to such an ambitious vision have been torn down and many states are now stepping forward to lead. Let’s work together to keep the 100% list growing.